The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is seeking egg imports from European nations to address a severe domestic shortage that has driven prices to record highs, though regulatory differences and limited supply present significant challenges [1][2].

The shortage, caused by bird flu outbreaks, has led to a 10% decline in U.S. egg production, with 720 million fewer table eggs produced in February 2025 compared to the previous year [1]. Wholesale prices peaked at $8.15 per dozen on February 21, though they have since dropped to $3.27 per dozen as of March 21 [3].

Major obstacles to importing European eggs include fundamentally different food safety approaches. "These are two systems that could not be more different," explains Hans-Peter Goldnick, president of the German Egg Association [4]. While U.S. regulations require eggs to be washed and refrigerated, EU standards mandate unwashed eggs without extended chilling.

European nations face their own constraints in meeting U.S. demand. Germany's domestic industry only produces 73% of its needs, while Italy barely meets its national demand. Poland, a major exporter, has indicated it could primarily supply processed egg products rather than shell eggs [5].

The USDA has secured new commitments from Turkey and South Korea, though quantities remain unspecified [6]. The department reports some market improvement, with no major bird flu outbreaks in the past month, though upcoming Easter and Passover celebrations could pressure prices upward [7].

Despite political tensions over trade tariffs, European officials indicate willingness to help based on business considerations. As one German egg producer noted, "If the price is right, then I'll deliver" [8].